In the 1920s, nativist lawmakers introduced “citizen-only” bills. Then, a bipartisan coalition emerged to fight back.

A new study says inclusion of people in U.S. illegally has had little impact on presidential elections or control of Congress ...

The report notes: “There are no plans to use PES results to produce adjusted population estimates for the purposes of apportionment or redistricting, and there will be no such recommendation.” ...

In general, removing undocumented residents from census data used for apportionment would have had a trivial impact on party representation in the House or the outcome of presidential elections ...

counted as part of the Golden State’s population. In response, a bipartisan coalition emerged to fight back against these anti-alien apportionment bills. Opponents, including political titans ...

If residents lacking permanent legal status had been excluded from the census numbers used in the apportionment process from 1980 to 2020, no more than two seats in the House of Representatives ...

The Founders famously and vigorously debated congressional apportionment policy at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention of 1787. They eventually agreed that a national decennial census would ...