Gold deposits were formed within west Africa’s craton rocks during a major tectonic event, known as the Eburnean Orogeny, 2.2 billion to 2.08 billion years ago. This event was accompanied by the ...

Later, around 1,000 million years ago, this rock was metamorphosed again, likely during the so-called Pinjarra Orogeny — a mountain-building event along what is now Australia’s western margin.

The findings reveal that the India-Asia collisional orogeny was brief, occurring in the Early Cenozoic, and did not involve significant underthrusting of the Indian continent beneath the Tibetan ...

Lead scientists say this discovery forces a rethink of how the Indian Plate has shaped—and continues to shape—the Himalayan orogeny. It also has implications for understanding earthquake risks and ...