Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

Scott Nevil is an experienced writer and editor with a demonstrated history of publishing content for Investopedia. He goes in-depth to create informative and actionable content around monetary policy ...

Solvency is a concern for non-Tesla car companies. The Z-score formula for predicting bankruptcy was published in 1968 by Edward I. Altman, who was, at the time, an Assistant Professor of Finance at ...