Hydrocephalus is an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles. Surgery is the first-line and most effective treatment. The two primary surgeries are the Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) ...

Chiari malformation, an anomaly of the posterior cranial fossa, also known as Arnold–Chiari malformation, was described in autopsies by Hans Chiari, an Austrian pathologist, in 1891. He defined four ...

How Is a CSF Glucose Test Done? The most common way to check the glucose in your cerebrospinal fluid is by performing a lumbar puncture, also called a spinal tap. In some cases, your doctor can also ...

The first critical step in neurologic diagnosis is neuroanatomic localization of the lesion. Of importance in description of the neurologic examination is whether there are signs of elevated ...

Cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence are common in older adults, but atypical findings such as rapid decline, weakness, leptomeningeal disease, and abnormal cerebrospinal ...

Irregular fluid flow through the spinal column brought on by gene mutations is linked to a type of scoliosis that can affect humans during adolescence, a new study in zebrafish suggests. Also found in ...