Despite their cute appearance, house sparrows are invasive and can cause more harm than good. Here's what to do to keep them away from your birdhouses.

Such precise nesting requirements helped make the sparrow a perfect measure for restoring historic water flow across the prairies that dry out in spring and fill with wildflowers and orchids.

If the sparrows are to survive, management decisions need to consider how sea level rise is altering those historical landscapes where sparrows nested, she said. “Sparrows can’t nest in mangroves.