Breaking an IP datagram (packet) into pieces in order to be sent across a transmission link with a frame size smaller than the datagram. Performed in a router, the header of the original IP packet is ...

We all know the principle of classification and non-classification principle of IP and its application in network communication. IP fragmentation and reassembling is a key mechanism in the process of ...

For a class project I had to code an TCP/UDP echo client and server and then capture the resulting packets using TCPDUMP. Here is the output for sending 1000 characters (1000 bytes) from a file from ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

Joel Snyder, Ph.D., is a senior IT consultant with 30 years of practice. An internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, messaging and networks, Dr. Snyder is a popular speaker and ...