A basic fix for Microsoft Visual C++ 2017 setup failed on your Windows 11/10 PC, is to uninstall all the existing Visual C++ Redistributable items in Programs and Features or via the Settings app.

What makes the magic happen is the Crostini Linux container on Chrome OS which will allow you to install the Linux version of Visual Studio Code on your Chromebook.

All I really want is Visual C++ but I can't even get to the part of the install where you select the components to install.