Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) creates a SFG from the Circuit Schematic.

Thomas E. Dilts, Peter J. Weisberg, Philip Leitner, Marjorie D. Matocq, Richard D. Inman, Kenneth E. Nussear, Todd C. Esque, Multiscale connectivity and graph theory ...

Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by ...