For example, 250 cm 3 is 0.25 dm 3 (250 ÷ 1000). It is often easiest to convert from cm 3 to dm 3 before continuing with a concentration calculation.

Learn about and revise calculations in chemistry with this BBC Bitesize GCSE Combined Science (AQA) study guide.

In the following example from Snedecor and Cochran (1976), an experiment is conducted to study the variability of calcium concentration in turnip greens. Four plants are selected at random; then three ...