Unsustainable irrigation and drought have emptied nearly all of the Aral Sea’s water since the 1960s, causing changes extending all the way down to Earth’s upper mantle, the layer beneath the ...

Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth about 100 miles or so below the surface in the upper mantle. Obviously in that part of the Earth it's very hot. There's a lot of pressure, the weight of ...

Something strange is stirring deep beneath Earth's surface. Just a few decades ago, human activity set off a slow-motion ...

Although this inner core is white hot, the pressure is so high the iron cannot ... thick and appears to be divided into two layers: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The boundary between ...

Volcanoes. A short video for 11-14 year old pupils, exploring tectonic activity and volcanoes and featuring case studies from ...

A diagram showing how Earth's crust and upper mantle (together known as the lithosphere) could be dripping into the mantle due to the Farallon slab. | Credit: Hua et al. Nature Geoscience (2025 ...

But landforms can also be created when the lithosphere, which consists of the crust and the relatively brittle upper layer of the mantle, gets especially thick. Mountains create a lot of pressure ...

This mantle component was transported toward the upper mantle beneath Gondwana by a process known as supersized flat subduction and ultimately served as the source for the studied MORBs.

Cratonic thinning refers to the wearing away of cratons, which are regions of Earth's continental crust and upper mantle that have mostly remained intact for billions of years. Despite their ...