No atomic model, so far as I know, has succeeded in making this difference plausible; but it is not essential to the hypothesis, that, independently of any atomic model:—(i) Three distinct ...

An international research collaboration led by the University of Surrey's Nuclear Physics Group has overturned the ...

Therefore, electrons cannot be arranged at random, but they must have fixed levels of energy within each type of atom. Bohr's 'solar system' model of ... between the atomic number of the atom ...