Base station transmitter beamforming and beamsteering are effective methods of increasing base station coverage and capacity. These techniques require multiple transceivers and the baseband processor ...

Measuring phase noise with a spectrum analyzer. The primary advantage of dedicated phase-noise analyzers. The cross-correlation method. Using a spectrum analyzer is the oldest, most straightforward, ...

A general-purpose vector signal analyzer offers a low-cost, flexible option for measuring the frequency settling time of PLLs. By Douglas Olney, Keithley Instruments Inc. The frequency-settling time ...

(a) and (b) Optical microscope images depicting the sample with defects and the defect-free sample. (c) and (d) Experimentally measured optical field distributions for the sample with defects and the ...