The segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as "Jim Crow" represented a formal, codified system of racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three quarters of a century ...
As Jim Crow took hold, African-Americans found their constitutional freedoms curtailed. Historian Lonnie G. Bunch III identifies 1877 as the year when all the gains of the Civil War, for Black ...
But by 1877, conservative forces had ... the mythical figure of Jim Crow became the shorthand name for the system of laws, violence, and caricature under which black Americans laboured for so ...