Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...

We tend to think that artificial intelligence views everything in a coldly logical, binary way, but by making A.I. a little “fuzzier,” the same system can be used to treat patients with bipolar ...

For most of the twentieth century, geopolitical analysis rested on a comforting fiction: that the world could be divided cleanly into categories. States were allies or adversaries, wars were declared ...