Polarization is one of the fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves. It can convey valuable vector information in sensitive measurements and signal transmission, which is a promising ...

Engineers are familiar with using the Fourier transform to convert between time-varying signals and their corresponding frequency spectrum. What is not as familiar is that spatially varying signals, ...

Components of a typical laser include gain medium, laser pumping energy and resonant optical cavity. The output frequency of most lasers is fixed or within a small range, and it is difficult to ...

At a location in Europe, it is necessary to supply 300 kW of 60 Hz power. The only power sources available operate at 50 Hz. It is decided to generate the power by means of a motor-generator set ...