As others go through different experiences, we can sometimes learn from watching their example. Researchers have long explained that we experience social understanding, meaning that in order to learn ...

Reinforcement learning theory posits that learning can occur by means of calculating prediction errors (PEs) 1. The seminal discovery that the phasic firing of dopamine neurons in the primate midbrain ...

• The choice between an observational study and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is not binary. • No algorithm exists for determining whether an observational study or an RCT is best for answering ...

Learning Aggressive Behavior — Observation and Modeling Children (like all people, but even more so than adults) learn by watching and imitating others (social modeling). Children are wired by ...

Across the human life span, fear is often acquired indirectly by observation of the emotional expressions of others. The observational fear conditioning protocol was previously developed as a ...

All children (like all people) can be verbally and physically aggressive. All children (like all people) are more likely to act aggressively when frustrated. Neuro-developmentally atypical children ...