X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to identify chemical elements that has found widespread use in the cultural heritage sector to characterise artists' materials ...

The present study demonstrates the importance of converting signal intensity maps of organic tissues collected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to elemental concentration maps and also ...

Cast iron represents a category of iron alloys characterized by a carbon content ranging from 1.8% to 4.0% w/w, coupled with 1% to 3% w/w of silicon. The control of carbon content is crucial in ...

Transitions between different electronic energy levels in elements occur at unique energies and intensities, giving each element a distinctive emission spectrum. When the energy of an incident photon ...