Finally, the article shows how the idea of a universal language was a decisive step in the emergence of programming languages, in the recognition of computer programming as a proper field of knowledge ...

Therefore, the development of effective learning strategies and environments for programming courses has become an important issue. To address this issue, this study proposes a two-tier test-based ...

When the first volume of "The Art of Computer Programming" came out in 1962, it was the first book to take a deep look into the math and science of programming.