Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) provide a versatile framework for modelling complex decision-making tasks where a collection of variables must be allocated values that satisfy specific ...

Graph theory has long provided a robust mathematical framework for investigating networks, relations and connectivity in both abstract and applied settings. Recent advances have markedly refined our ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, we study the long-standing open question regarding the computational complexity of one of the core problems in supply chains ...

They have a mathematical, analog “solver” that can potentially find the best solution to NP-hard problems. NP-hardness is a theory of computational complexity, with problems that are famous for their ...

The historical pursuit of creating intelligent machines has culminated in the modern era of artificial intelligence. However, the efficacy of AI applications is contingent upon a nuanced understanding ...

NP-complete problems, including optimal routing, scheduling and network design, are foundational to essential tasks across various industries. However, they actually pose challenges for conventional ...