A new study reveals how biological branching networks use surface geometry to shape blood vessels, brains, and plants.

The math that describes the branching pattern of trees in nature also holds for trees depicted in art—and may even underlie our ability to recognize artworks as depictions of trees. Trees are loosely ...

Leonardo da Vinci’s sketch of a tree illustrates the principle that combined thickness is preserved at different stages of ramification. The math that describes the branching pattern of trees in ...

Optimizing tree architecture is a long-standing challenge in fruit production, as branch orientation directly affects light ...

Recent research has expanded on the idea that the trees around us are far more complex than they appear. Hidden beneath bark and throughout the roots are vast communities of microbes, trillions of ...