Men have nipples, mammary glands and the hormones required, but the ability for male lactation rarely turns on. Here’s why ...

A new biological law has been proposed offering key insights into the processes of evolution and aging. Biological laws are recognized patterns that hold true for a group of living organisms. For ...

Biologists are closing in on a puzzle that seems to turn classic evolutionary logic inside out, yet may be so common that it deserves to be called a new rule of life. Instead of always purging harmful ...

Researchers have created a method called optovolution that uses light to guide the evolution of proteins with dynamic behaviors. By engineering yeast cells so their survival depended on proteins ...

All complex biological systems—like the DNA, RNA and proteins constantly being copied and built within our cells—are prone to errors. That means as life evolved to be more elaborate, it also had to ...

Introduction : how to write history of biology -- The place of biology in the sciences and its conceptual structure -- The changing intellectual milieu of biology Diversity of life. Macrotaxonomy, the ...

In Part One of this series, we saw that culture doesn't suffer from the problem that Darwin's theory of natural selection successfully solved: the problem of how change accumulates in biological ...