More than 1,800 people who served in the U.S. Congress ... his opposition to the constitutional amendments that granted Black Americans full rights of citizenship. He served in Congress until ...

This distinctive type of ceramic face vessel first appeared in the American South in the mid-1800s. Jugs such as these are attributed to a small number of black slaves working ... reflect the complex ...

Before 1800, free African American men had nominal rights of citizenship ... they responded to it in a whole range of ways. Black people founded their own churches, schools, and orphanages.

For many African Americans ... According to black journalist and editor Ida B. Wells, who launched a fierce anti-lynching campaign in the 1890s, the lynching of successful black people was a ...